Toy figure with articulating joints

ABSTRACT

A toy figure having multiple articulating limbs connected to the torso by pivot joints that are molded in a vertical injection molding step that forms and pivotally interconnects, in situ, one member of the pivot joint to a second, pre-formed member of the pivot joint.

[0001] This is a continuation-in-part application of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/088,385, filed Jun. 1, 1998. The present invention generally relates to jointed toy figures and more specifically relates to toy figures with an unusually large number of unique articulating parts which give the figures a particularly realistic look and feel.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION Background of the Invention

[0002] Toy figures with articulating limbs are generally known. Toy figures having a large number of articulating limbs are not widely available because of expenses associated with manufacturing and assembling the completed toy figure. Additionally, as the toy figures decrease in size below about 10-12 inches in overall length, the costs of manufacture and assembly increase considerably because of difficulty in constructing and attaching small limbs with multiple movable joints. A further problem in providing relatively small toy figures with multiple articulating parts concerns producing small joints that are durable and have the close tolerances necessary to provide sufficient friction between the moveable surfaces of the joints necessary for proper operation of the joints. Also, it has long been a goal to combine realistically articulating limbs with adjacent body parts in a manner which minimizes any undesirable gaps so that the outer surface of the articulating figure has a relatively continuous, life-like appearance.

[0003] It would therefore be very desirable to provide a toy figure with multiple articulating limbs having improved joint construction with increased durability for manipulation through a variety of realistic poses. It would also be desirable to provide methods which reduce the amount of time and labor needed for assembling toy figures of various sizes, including small sizes, having articulating limbs. It would also be very desirable to provide toy figures, especially toy figures with an overall length less than about 10 inches, that provide improved joint operation. Furthermore, it would be very desirable to enable the manufacture of toy figures with realistic articulating limb and torso parts having outer surfaces free of screws or other visible fasteners and having reduced gaps between the connected parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention provides toy figures having articulating limbs with a large number of joints. The toy figures of the present invention include one or more pivotally connected parts having a first joint member made of a first material, preferably a first thermoplastic material, and a second joint member made of a second thermoplastic which has a melting point that is less than that of the first material. The first and second joint members are advantageously pivotally connected to one another in an in situ injection molding method of the invention. Thus, in another of its aspects, the present invention includes a method of connecting a first joint member and a second joint member in an in situ injection molding process, wherein the first joint member is formed of a first material and the second joint member is formed of a second material which is a thermoplastic material, wherein the first joint member is inserted in a predetermined position into an injection mold, as an insert part, and the second thermoplastic composition is injected to form the second joint member around the first joint member, pivotally connecting the two. In a presently preferred embodiment, the first thermoplastic composition is an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and the second thermoplastic composition is a polyvinylchloride (PVC) composition having a melting point of about 160° C. and the difference in melting points is at least about 70° C.

[0005] In another of its aspects, the present invention includes a method for making an articulating limb having first and second limb segments connected by an elongate member. The elongate member is formed of a first material and the first and second leg segments are formed from a second material having a melting point lower than the melting point of the first material. In this method, the elongate member is placed into an injection mold having a cavity for forming the first limb segment and a cavity for forming the second limb segment. The elongate member is positioned in the injection mold such that one end of the elongate member is within the first cavity and the other end of the elongate member is within the second cavity. The second material is then injected into the mold at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the second material but lower than the first material's melting point. In this manner, the first and second limb segments are formed around the elongate member, the first limb segment being connected to one end of the elongate member, and the second limb segment being connected to the elongate member's other end.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006]FIG. 1 is a front elevation view, partially in cross-section, depicting a toy figure having features of the present invention;

[0007]FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the toy figure of FIG. 1 illustrating the head, torso and left limbs of the toy figure, it being understood that the right limbs are corresponding mirror-images of the left limbs;

[0008]FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the component parts of the toy figure of FIG. 1 which comprise a left arm subassembly extending from the shoulder to the elbow just prior to assembly and ultrasonic welding in an ultrasonic welding device as depicted in this FIG.;

[0009]FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the upper torso, head/head joint, left and right arm assemblies and the body joint of the toy figure of FIG. 1 prior to assembly and ultrasonic welding;

[0010]FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the upper torso produced in the assembly step depicted in FIG. 4, the lower torso, and left and right leg assemblies prior to assembly and ultrasonic welding to complete the toy figure of FIG. 1;

[0011]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a first joint member used as an insert part in the in situ injection molding process, wherein the insert part is pivotally connected to a second joint member to form the pivoting left shoulder of the toy figure of FIG. 1;

[0012]FIG. 7 is an elevation view of the insert part of FIG. 8 in conjunction with the second joint member, including a pivot pin, as formed in an injection mold, with part of the mold cut away for purposes of illustration;

[0013]FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the pivotally connected first and second joint members made by injection molding, as in FIG. 7, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the insert part (first joint member) depicted in FIG. 6;

[0014]FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an insert part which provides the ball member of a ball and socket joint of the invention which corresponds to the body joint of the toy figure of FIG. 1;

[0015]FIG. 10 is an elevation view of the insert part of FIG. 9 in conjunction with a socket member, as formed in an injection mold, with part of the mold cut away for purposes of illustration;

[0016]FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the ball and socket joint made by injection molding, as in FIG. 10, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the insert part (first joint member) depicted in FIG. 9 to the body of the socket member (second joint member) of the ball and socket joint;

[0017]FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an insert part used in the hand/wrist of the toy figure of FIG. 1;

[0018]FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the finger members and pivot pin used (in combination with the insert part of FIG. 12) to form a left hand according to a method of the present invention;

[0019]FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the finger members of a left hand of a figure of the present invention with the finger members pivotally mounted on a pivot pin prior to the injection molding step to complete the left hand;

[0020]FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a left hand of the toy figure of the FIG. 1 made by a molding method of the present invention;

[0021]FIG. 16 is an elevation view of the insert parts of FIGS. 12 and 14 in conjunction with a left hand of the toy figure of the present invention, as formed in an injection mold, with part of the mold cut away for purposes of illustration;

[0022]FIG. 17 is a front elevational view, partially exploded, illustrating the head, torso and left limbs of another toy figure having features of the present invention, it being understood that the right limbs are corresponding mirror-images of the left limbs;

[0023]FIG. 18 is a front elevational view, partially exploded, of the toy figure of FIG. 17;

[0024]FIG. 19 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the left arm of the toy figure of FIG. 17 as formed in an injection mold;

[0025]FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the left arm of the toy figure of FIG. 17, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member and the connecting member;

[0026]FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the connecting member of the left arm of the toy figure of FIG. 17;

[0027]FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the elongate member of the left arm of the toy figure of FIG. 17;

[0028]FIG. 23 is an exploded perspective view, partially in cross-section, of another embodiment of the elongate member of the left arm in association with the first arm segment;

[0029]FIG. 24 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the left arm, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member of FIG. 23 and the connecting member;

[0030]FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the elongate member of the left leg of the toy figure of FIG. 17;

[0031]FIG. 26 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the left leg of the toy figure of FIG. 17 as formed in an injection mold;

[0032]FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the left leg of the toy figure of FIG. 17, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member of FIG. 25;

[0033]FIG. 28 is a perspective view, partially exploded, of the left leg and hip segment of the toy figure of FIG. 17;

[0034]FIG. 29 is an exploded perspective view, partially in cross-section, of another embodiment of the elongate member of the left leg in association with the first leg segment;

[0035]FIG. 30 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the left leg, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member of FIG. 29;

[0036]FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the lever arm of the head of the toy figure of FIG. 17;

[0037]FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the head of the toy figure of FIG. 17, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the lever arm of FIG. 31;

[0038]FIG. 33 is an elevation view, in cross-section, of the head of the toy figure of FIG. 17 as formed in an injection mold;

[0039]FIG. 34 is a front elevational view, in partial cross-section, depicting another embodiment of the torso mounting structure of a toy figure of the present invention;

[0040]FIG. 35 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the embodiment of the left arm of FIG. 24 as formed in an injection mold;

[0041]FIG. 36 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the embodiment of the left leg of FIG. 30 as formed in an injection mold;

[0042]FIG. 37 is an exploded perspective view, partially in cross-section, of another embodiment of the elongate member of the left arm in association with the first arm segment;

[0043]FIG. 38 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the left arm, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member of FIG. 37 and the connecting member;

[0044]FIG. 39 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the embodiment of the left arm of FIG. 38 as formed in an injection mold;

[0045]FIG. 40 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the elongate member of the left arm;

[0046]FIG. 41 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the left arm, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member of FIG. 40 and the connecting member;

[0047]FIG. 42 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the embodiment of the left arm of FIG. 41 as formed in an injection mold;

[0048]FIG. 43 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the elongate member of the left leg;

[0049]FIG. 44 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the left leg, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member of FIG. 43;

[0050]FIG. 45 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the embodiment of the left leg of FIG. 44 as formed in an injection mold;

[0051]FIG. 46 is an exploded perspective view, partially in cross-section, of another embodiment of the elongate member of the left leg in association with the first leg segment;

[0052]FIG. 47 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the left leg, showing in phantom lines the position and connection of the elongate member of FIG. 46; and

[0053]FIG. 48 is an elevation view, in partial cross-section, of the embodiment of the left leg of FIG. 47 as formed in an injection mold.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0054] Reference is made to FIG. 1 of the drawings which depicts a toy figure designated by reference numeral 10. Toy FIG. 10 includes a torso 12 and limbs including a left arm 14, a right arm 16, a left leg 18, and a right leg 20, as well as a head 22.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, left arm 14 and right arm 16, which are shown in different orientations in FIG. 1, comprise a plurality of arm segments designated by numerals 24, 42, 58, 66, 80 and 102. These arm segments are interconnected at joints 14 a, b, c, d, e and f and 16 a, b, c, d, e and f, respectively, to provide articulating left and right arms 14 and 16. Since the two arms 14 and 16 and the two legs 18 and 20, as well as the component parts thereof, are mirror-images of each other, we will describe the details of left arm and left leg 14 and 18, it being understood that the corresponding right arm and right leg 16 and 20 are comprised and assembled identically.

[0056] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, first arm segment 24 has a generally spherical top portion 26 with a short trunk 26 a depending therefrom and integrally formed therewith to give the appearance of a left shoulder and approximately the upper ⅓ of the upper arm. Spherical body 26 has an arcuate opening 27 into the interior of first arm segment 24. A joint member 25 having a lever arm 28 is pivotally attached to first arm segment 24 at joint 14 a. Lever arm 28 terminates at one end in a disk 30 and at the other end in a ring 31 Ring 31 has a bore for mounting joint member 25. Ring 31 of lever arm 28 extends through arcuate opening 27 and is pivotally mounted on pivot pin 33 formed in the first arm segment as described below.

[0057] This mounting of joint member 25 inside trunk 12 permits first arm segment 24 to pivot at joint 14 a through an arc A of approximately 90°. Thus, when first arm segment 24 is mounted to trunk 12, as described more fully below, arm segment 24 is capable of pivoting within the arm hole 36 of the trunk such that the gap between the outer surface of body 26 of the first arm segment and the circular edge 38 of arm hole 36 is small at all positions of first arm segment 24 along arc A.

[0058] First arm member 24 further comprises a disk 32 spaced apart from a bottom surface of body 26 a by a short shaft 34, by way of which first arm segment 24 is rotatingly connected to second arm segment 42. As best seen in FIG. 2, second arm segment 42 has complementary second arm segment shells 42 a and 42 b which are attached by way of a cylindrical pin 50 in second arm segment shell 42 a having a bore 52 therein for receiving assembly pin 54 extending from the inside surface of second arm shell 42 b. When these second arm segment shells are assembled, disk 32 of the first arm segment is seated in a corresponding circular interior space 46 with shaft 34 extending through a bore in top wall 44 of second arm segment 42, the bore being formed by complementary semi-circular cut-outs 48 a and 48 b in top wall 44. With disk 32 positioned in interior space 46 and resting against the interior surface 44 a of top wall 44, second arm segment 42 is capable of rotating 360° about the axis of shaft 34 at joint 14 b with respect to first arm segment 24. Additionally, second arm shell 42 has an arcuate opening 56 extending along the curved body surface of second arm segment 42 adjacent pin 50 which permits movement at joint 14 c, as explained below.

[0059] Left arm 14 further comprises a third arm segment 58 which acts as a double pivot member comprising. Third arm segment 58 has a plate 60 with bores 62 and 64 extending transversely therethrough at the opposite ends of the plate. Third arm segment 58 is connected through bore 62 to pin 50 in second arm segment 42 to provide joint 14 c, a pivot joint.

[0060] Left arm 14 further includes a fourth arm segment 66 which is pivotally connected to third arm segment 58 at joint 14 d. Fourth arm segment 66 comprises complementary fourth arm segment shells 66 a and 66 b. Fourth arm segment shell 66 a is provided with a pivot pin 68 which passes through bore 64 to provide pivoting motion. Pin 68 has a bore 70 therein to mate with complementary assembly pin 71 in fourth arm segment shell 66 b. As will be appreciated from an inspection of FIGS. 1 and 2, fourth arm segment 66 is analogous in structure and function to second arm segment 42, albeit shorter in overall length and inverted with respect to the orientation of second arm segment 42. Thus, fourth arm segment 66 has a circular interior space 72 (analogous to circular interior space 46) and a bottom wall 74 defining semi-circular cut outs 74 a and 74 b defining a bore 76 in communication with interior space 72.

[0061] Fourth arm segment 66 thus is connected to third arm segment 58 by inserting pin 68 through bore 64 of the third arm segment 58 to provide joint 14 d. Thus it will be appreciated that third arm segment 58 provides a double pivot member which allows second arm segment 42 and fourth arm segment 66 to independently pivot with respect to third arm segment 58 at joints 14 c and 14 d, respectively.

[0062] When the second arm segment and fourth arm segment are pivoted toward each other, each of the respective arm segments are capable of pivoting through an arc of about 90° (represented by B and C) such that the second and fourth arm segments may be pivoted a total of approximately 180° with respect to one another with the third arm segment thus functioning as an elbow joint. Because the third arm segment 58 uses a double pivot arrangement whereas a natural human elbow joint has a single pivot point, the second and fourth arm segments are spaced apart from each other.

[0063] As best seen in FIG. 1, when left arm 14 is fully extended lengthwise, third arm segment 58 abuts end wall 56 a of arcuate opening 56 in the bottom of second arm segment 42 and end wall 78 a defining arcuate opening 78 of the fourth arm segment to provide a continuous outer arm surface. Third arm segment 58 is provided with wing-like extensions 80 which extend outwardly and curve slightly downwardly from the outer edge 83 to fill in the gaps caused by the pivotal attachment of second and fourth arm segments 42 and 66 at opposite ends of third arm segment 58, as needed to assure that articulating left arm 14 has a full range of motion about third arm member 58. The wing-like extensions thus allow arm 14 to exhibit a relatively continuous outer arm surface where second and fourth arm segments 42 and 66 are joined to third arm segment 58 without interfering with the pivoting arm segments.

[0064] Left arm 14 further comprises a fifth arm segment 80 which is rotatingly connected to fourth arm segment 66 at joint 14 e by lower arm joint member 82. Joint member 82 comprises a disk 84 and a plate 86 spaced apart from each other by a short shaft 88. Fifth arm segment 80 comprises complementary shells 80 a and 80 b having a pivot pin 90 with a bore 92 therein with complementary fifth arm segment shell 80 b having an assembly pin 94 extending therefrom to fit within bore 92. Fifth arm segment 80 also has a circular interior space 96 and a top wall 98 with a bore 100 therethrough in communication with interior space 96. As will be appreciated from an inspection of FIGS. 1 and 2, fifth arm segment 80 and fourth arm segment 66 are essentially identical in structure and operation but are of different respective dimensions. When fourth and fifth arm segments 66 and 88 are rotatingly connected at joint 14 e by lower arm joint member 82, fourth and fifth arm segments 66 and 80 are mated at their respective walls 74 and 98 with shaft 88 extending through bores 76 and 100 and with disk 84 seated on the interior surface of wall 74 and plate 86 seated on the interior surface of wall 98. Thus fourth and fifth arm segments 66 and 80 are capable of rotating with respect to one another 360° about shaft 88, with disk 84 rotating in interior space 72.

[0065] Left hand 102, which is discussed in detail below, includes a ring 104 with a central bore 106. Ring 104 is spaced apart from the bottom wall 108 of left hand 102 by shaft 110. Left hand 102 is pivotally connected at joint 14 f to fifth arm segment 80 by way of the mounting of ring 104 on pivot pin 90, with shaft 110 extending through an arcuate opening 91 in arm segment 80. Left hand 102 therefore pivots on pivot pin 90.

[0066] In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 17-22 and particularly suitable for toy figures three inches or less in overall height, left arm 14 comprises a first arm segment 500, a second arm segment 505, and an elongate member 510. As shown in FIGS. 17-21, first arm segment 500 has a proximal end 515 and a distal end 520, second limb segment 505 has a proximal end 525 and a distal end 530, and elongate member 510 (as shown in FIG. 22) has a first end 535 and a second end 540.

[0067] Proximal end 515 of first arm segment 500 is adapted to be connected to upper torso 250 of the toy figure. In the preferred embodiment, connecting member 565 (shown in FIG. 21) connects proximal end 515 to upper torso 250. Connecting member 565 has a body-part end 590 comprising a disk 575, and a limb end 595 comprising a ring 580 defining an aperture 585. Proximal end 515 of first arm segment 500 comprises an integrally formed interior pivot pin 600 (see FIG. 19) and defines a slot 560. A pivotal connection between arm segment 500 and connecting member 565 is formed with ring 580 extending through slot 560 into the interior of arm segment 500 and pivot pin 600 extending through aperture 585. Body-part end 590 of connecting member 656 is rotatably connected to upper torso 250 by seating disk 575 within a mounting structure analogous to the mounting structure described in more detail below with respect to disk 30.

[0068] Distal end 520 of first arm segment 500 is connected to first end 535 of elongate member 510. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 17, 19, 20, 22, 41, and 42, distal end 520 of first arm segment 500 is pivotally connected to first end 535 of elongate member 510, with first end 535 comprising a ring 542 defining an aperture 545 and distal end 520 comprising pivot pin 550 extending through aperture 545. A perspective view of an embodiment of such an elongate member 510 is shown in FIG. 40. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 23, 24, 25, 37, 38 and 39, distal end 520 of first arm segment 500 is rotatably connected to first end 535 of elongate member 510, with first end 535 comprising disk 251 and distal end 520 defining a circular interior space 560 capturing disk 251.

[0069] Proximal end 525 of second arm segment 505 is connected to second end 540 of elongate member 510. In the preferred embodiments, the second arm segment's proximal end 525 is either pivotally (see FIGS. 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 and 35) or rotatably (see FIGS. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42) connected to the elongate member using a pivot pin or a disk, respectively, in a manner analogous to that described above with respect to distal end 520.

[0070] In one embodiment, left leg 18 comprises a plurality of leg segments which are interconnected at a series of joints to provide the articulating leg whose structure and movement correspond to arm 14 described above. Thus, leg 18 comprises first, second, third, fourth and fifth leg segments 124, 142, 158, 166, and 180 which are analogous to the left arm segments 24, 42, 58, 66 and 80, as well as to the right arm segments 24 r, 42 r, 58 r, 66 r and 80 r and right leg segments 124 r, 142 r, 158 r, 166 r and 180 r.

[0071] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, first leg segment 124 has a generally spherical top portion 126 with a short trunk 126 a depending therefrom and integrally formed therewith to give the appearance of a left hip and approximately the upper ⅓ of the upper leg. Spherical body 126 has an arcuate opening 127 into the interior of first leg segment 124. A joint member 125 having a lever leg 128 is pivotally attached to first leg segment 124 at joint 18 a. Lever arm 128 terminates at one end in a disk 130 and at the other end in a ring 131. Ring 131 has a bore for mounting joint member 125. Ring 131 of lever leg 128 extends through arcuate opening 127 and is pivotally mounted on pivot pin 133 formed in the first leg segment as described below.

[0072] This mounting of joint member 125 inside trunk 12 permits first leg segment 124 to pivot at joint 18 a through an arc D of approximately 90°. Thus, when first leg segment 124 is mounted to trunk 12, as described more fully below, leg segment 124 is capable of pivoting with respect to trunk 12 such that the gap between the outer surface of body 126 of the first leg segment and the circular edge 138 of leg hole 136 is small at all positions of first leg segment 124 along arc D.

[0073] First leg member 124 further comprises a disk 132 spaced apart from a bottom surface of body 126 a by a short shaft 134, by way of which first leg segment 124 is rotatingly connected to second leg segment 142. As best seen in FIG. 2, second leg segment 142 has complementary second leg segment shells 142 a and 142 b which are attached by way of a cylindrical pin 150 in second leg segment shell 142 a having a bore 152 therein for receiving assembly pin 154 extending from the inside surface of second leg shell 142 b. When these second leg segment shells are assembled, disk 132 of the first leg segment is seated in a corresponding circular interior space 146 with shaft 134 extending through a bore in top wall 144 of second leg segment 142, the bore being formed by complementary semi-circular cut-outs 148 a and 148 b in top wall 144. With disk 132 positioned in interior space 146 and resting against the interior surface 144 a of top wall 144, second leg segment 142 is capable of rotating 360° about the axis of shaft 134 at joint 18 b with respect to first leg segment 124. Additionally, second leg shell 142 has an arcuate opening 156 extending along the curved body surface of second leg segment 142 adjacent pin 150 which permits movement at joint 18 c, as explained below.

[0074] Left leg 18 further comprises a third leg segment 158 which acts as a double pivot member comprising. Third leg segment 158 has a plate 160 with bores 162 and 164 extending transversely therethrough at the opposite ends of the plate. Third leg segment 158 is connected through bore 162 to pin 150 second leg segment 142 to provide joint 18 c, a pivot joint.

[0075] Left leg 18 further includes a fourth leg segment 166 which is pivotally connected to third leg segment 158 at joint 18 d. Fourth leg segment 166 comprises complementary fourth leg segment shells 166 a and 166 b. Fourth leg segment shell 166 a is provided with a pivot pin 168 which passes through bore 164 to provide pivoting motion. Pin 168 has a bore 170 therein to mate with complementary assembly pin 171 in fourth leg segment shell 166 b. As will be appreciated from an inspection of FIGS. 1 and 2, fourth leg segment 166 is analogous in structure and function to second leg segment 142, albeit slightly shorter in overall length and inverted with respect to the orientation of second leg segment 142. Thus, fourth leg segment 166 has a circular interior space 172 (analogous to circular interior space 146) and a bottom wall 174 defining semi-circular cut outs 174 a and 174 b (shown with phantom lines) defining a bore 176 in communication with interior space 172.

[0076] Fourth leg segment 166 thus is connected to third leg segment 158 by inserting pin 168 through bore 164 of the third leg segment 158 to provide joint 18 d. Thus it will be appreciated that third leg segment 158 provides a double pivot member which allows second leg segment 142 and fourth leg segment 166 to independently pivot with respect to third leg segment 158 at joints 18 c and 18 d, respectively.

[0077] As best seen in FIG. 1, when left leg 18 is fully extended lengthwise third leg segment 158 abuts end wall 156 a of arcuate opening 156 in the bottom of second leg segment 142 and end wall 178 a defining arcuate opening 178 of the fourth leg segment to provide a continuous outer leg surface.

[0078] When second leg segment and fourth leg segment are pivoted toward each other, each of the respective leg segments are capable of pivoting through an arc of about 90° (analogous to arcs C and D) such that the second and fourth leg segments may be pivoted a total of approximately 180° with respect to one another with the third leg segment thus functioning as an elbow joint. Because the third leg segment 158 uses a double pivot arrangement whereas a natural human elbow joint has a single pivot point second and fourth leg segments are spaced apart from each other. To fill the gap in the outer surfaces of the second and fourth leg segments 142 and 166 where they attach to third leg segment 158, third leg segment 158 is provided with wing-like extensions 180 which extend outwardly and curve slight downwardly from the outer edge 183 of third leg member 158 to fill in the gaps between second and fourth leg segments 142 and 166 which are needed to assure that articulating left leg 18 has a full range of motion about third leg member 158. The wing-like extensions thus allow leg 18 to exhibit a relatively continuous outer leg surface where second and fourth leg segments 142 and 166 are joined to third leg segment 158.

[0079] Left leg 18 further comprises a fifth leg segment 181 which is rotatingly connected to fourth leg segment 166 at joint 18 e by a disk 184 spaced apart from fifth leg segment 180 by a short shaft 188. Fifth leg segment 181 has a bore 190 extending therethrough at its lower end. When fourth and fifth leg segments 166 and 181 are rotatingly connected at joint 18 e by inserting disk 184 into interior space 172 of fourth leg segment 166, fourth and fifth leg segments 166 and 181 are mated at their respective walls 174 and 198 with shaft 188 extending through bores 176 and with disk 184 seated on the interior surface of wall 174. Thus fourth and fifth leg segments 166 and 181 are capable of rotating with respect to one another 360° about shaft 188, with disk 184 rotating in interior space 172.

[0080] Left foot 202 includes L-shaped left foot shells 202 a and 202 b. Left foot shell 202 a has a pivot pin 204 having a bore 206 therein positioned at the upper portion of the “L” and a pivot pin 208 having a bore 210 therein positioned at the terminal end of the base of the L. Foot 202 further comprises large toe member 210 and smaller toe member 212, which have respective proximal ends 210 a and 212 a, and bores 210 b and 212 b extending transversely therethrough. Toe members 210 and 212 are pivotally mounted on pivot pin 206 and fifth leg segment 181 is mounted to pivot pin 204. Left foot shell 202 b connects to foot shell 202 by mating assembly pins 214 and 216 which fit in bores 206 and 210.

[0081] In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 17, 18, 26 and 27 and particularly suitable in toy figures three inches or less in overall length, leg 18 comprises a first leg segment 605, a second leg segment 610, and an elongate member 615. First leg segment 605 has a proximal end 620 and a distal end 625, and second leg segment 610 has a proximal end 630 and a distal end 635. Elongate member 615 (see FIG. 25) has a first end 640 and a second end 645.

[0082] Proximal end 620 of first leg segment 605 is adapted to be connected to lower torso 252. In a preferred embodiment, shown in FIGS. 17, 18 and 28, proximal end 620 is rotatably connected to hip segment 660, which in turn is connected to lower torso 252. In this embodiment, proximal end 620 of first leg segment 605 comprises a disk 655 captured by an internal space 665 formed by hip segment 660. Hip segment 660 is connected to lower torso 252 in a manner described below.

[0083] Distal end 625 of first leg segment 605 is connected to first end 640 of elongate member 615. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 17, 26, 27, 44, and 45, distal end 625 is pivotally connected to first end 640, with first end 640 comprising a ring 647 defining an aperture 650 and distal end 625 comprising pivot pin 652 extending through aperture 650. (A perspective view of an embodiment of such an elongate member 615 is shown in FIG. 43.) In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 29, 30, 36, 46, 47 and 48, distal end 625 of first leg segment 605 is rotatably connected to first end 640, with first end 640 of elongate member 615 comprising disk 642 and distal end 625 defining a circular interior space 632 capturing disk 642.

[0084] Proximal end 630 of second leg segment 610 is connected to second end 645 of elongate member 615. In preferred embodiments, the second leg segment's proximal end 630 is either pivotally (see FIGS. 17, 26, 27, 29 30, and 36) or rotatably (see FIGS. 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, and 48) connected to the elongate member 615 using a pivot pin or a disk, respectively, in a manner analogous to that described above with respect to distal end 625.

[0085] With further reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, trunk 12 comprises an upper torso 250 and a lower torso 252 pivotally and rotatingly connected to one another at joint 12 a. As best seen in FIG. 1, upper torso 250 has a reduced lower end 256 which is defined by a gently tapering wall 258 having a collar which is partially seated in upper opening 260 in lower torso 252. Upper opening 260 thus forms a substantially circular seat to meet with the reduced end 256 of upper torso 250 such that trunk 12 is capable of articulating when upper torso 250 and lower 252 are connected by body joint 254. In a particularly preferred embodiment, upper torso is capable of pivoting left to right with respect to the lower torso over an arc of about 30° (e.g., 15° to each side) of an upright position and is capable of pivoting front to back by approximately 30° (5° back and 25° forward) to simulate a range of motion about the waist of a human being. Body joint 254, which is more fully described below with reference to FIGS. 9-11, functions as a ball and socket joint.

[0086] In one embodiment, the head 22 of toy FIG. 10 is substantially hollow and cast of a thermoplastic resin such as PVC, preferably using a rotational molding technique as known in the art. The base 261 of the head has an involuted hemispherical bottom wall 262 defining a cavity 263 with a bore 264 therethrough at the top of the hemisphere. Head 22 is attached to upper torso 250 by a head joint member 266 which has a generally spherical body with an upper portion 267 supporting a mushroom-shaped attachment member 270 which is sized and shaped to snap-fit through bore 264 and be retained within the interior space of head 22 with the upper surface 267 of head joint 266 residing in cavity 263. Joint 266 has a second attachment disk 269 (analogous to disk 30 of joint member 25) which is pivotally connected inside of joint member 266 via lever arm 274 in an analogous manner to the slot 280 connecting lever arm 25 and first arm segment 24 as discussed below. When head 22 is connected to trunk 12, head 22 is capable of pivoting about a pivot joint located in head joint 266 (analogous to the pivot joint in first arm segment 24) as well as rotating about disk 269. Thus, head 22 is capable of swiveling and nodding relative to torso 250.

[0087] In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 17, 32 and 33 and particularly suitable in toy figures three inches or less in total length, head 22 is attached to upper torso 250 by lever arm 670. As shown in FIGS, 31-33, lever arm 670 has a proximal end 690 and a distal end 685.

[0088] Proximal end 690 of lever arm 670 is adapted to be attached to upper torso 250. In a preferred embodiment, proximal end 690 extends through slot 700 formed in the bottom of head 22 and comprises a disk 695. Disk 695 is rotatably captured within slot 280 in the same manner as disk 39 described below.

[0089] Distal end 685 of lever arm 670 is located within the interior of head 22 and, in a preferred embodiment comprises a ring 675 defining an aperture 680. Head 22 has an internal pivot pin 705 extending through aperture 680 to pivotally connect head 22 to lever arm 670.

[0090] Torso 250 includes slots 280 for the rotational attachment of left arm 14, right arm 16 and head 22. Attachment of left arm 14 will now be described, it being understood that right arm 16 and head 22 are similarly attached. See FIG. 4. Left arm 14 is connected to upper torso 250 at arm hole 36 by seating disk 30 within a mounting structure comprising a slot 280 defined by vertical upstanding, parallel spaced walls 282 and 284. Wall 284 has a semi-circular cut-out 286 along its exposed edge and the opposite wall 282 has a horizontal upstanding ridge 288 formed on its inner surface 290. Disk 30 of first arm member 24 is provided with a groove 37 which is complementary to ridge 288 and acts as a detent when a disk 30 is rotated within slot 280. Torso shell 250 a is provided with a complementary mounting structure (not shown). Thus, when complementary upper torso shells 250 a and 250 b are mated edgewise, the open ends of the complementary mounting structures including particularly their respective upstanding walls abut to form a retention seat for disk 30 of first arm segment 24 with shaft 28 of arm joint 24 extending through the abutting semi-circular cut-outs 286 in the abutting wall such that left arm member 24 and thus left arm 14 is rotatingly attached to upper torso 250. A disk attached to a shaft member (e.g., disk 30 attached to shaft 28) and a retention seat (e.g., slot 280 with wall 284 having a bore therethough to rotatingly seat disk 30) are an example of complementary joint members or attachment means which comprise a rotational joint which may be used to connect adjacent body parts of toy FIG. 10.

[0091] Upper torso 250 and lower torso 252 are connected at joint 12 a by a body joint member 254 having a rectilinear portion 300 with a pair of laterally-extending rails 302 extending from the side walls 304 of body 300. Body joint member 254 further comprises a ball-member 306, rotatingly and pivotally mounted in body 300 and having a shaft 308 depending therefrom and connected to a plate 310.

[0092] Portion 300 of body joint member is seated within torso 250 using a mounting structure 281 that is different than previously described for seating disk 30 of first arm segment 24 in slot 280. Thus, mounting structure 281 has a bottom wall 312 having a semi-circular cut-out 314. Bottom wall 312 is connected to a pair of upstanding parallel spaced side walls 316, which side walls have complementary rectangular cut-outs 318. Body 300 of body joint 254 is seated on bottom wall 312 with notches 318 engaging rails 302 of the body joint and shaft 308 extending through cut-out 314 and through the opening at the bottom of upper torso 250. In an embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 and 34 and particularly suitable in toy figure is three inches or less in overall length, portion 300 is sized so as to occupy a substantial portion of the upper torso 250.

[0093] Lower torso 252 has yet another type of mounting structure, designated by reference numeral 283, which includes an upper plate 320 having a semi-circular cut-out 322 at its edge. Top plate 320 has a pair of parallel reinforcing side walls 324 to add structural support to top wall 320. Complementary top plate and reinforcing side plates are formed on lower torso shell 252 a which complementary walls abut when the shells 252 a and 252 b of lower torso 252 are mated edgewise to capture plate 310 beneath top wall 320. As will be appreciated, the length of shaft 308 is predetermined so that when body 300 is seated on bottom wall 312 and plate 310 is seated beneath top wall 320, the reduced end 256 of upper torso is pivotably and rotatably seated in substantially circular opening 260 of lower torso 252.

[0094] Turning to FIG. 3, assembly of action FIG. 10 proceeds with step-wise connection of the components of the limbs and torso of action FIG. 10 using an ultrasonic welding apparatus. The ultrasonic welding apparatus comprises base 350 and an ultrasonic horn 352 that resonates at a sufficiently high frequency, for example 20 kHz-40 kHz, with power output of from 1000 watts to about 4000 watts to heat the surfaces of parts which are housed within the ultrasonic welding apparatus and causes the surfaces of the plastic parts to be welded together edgewise. As known in the art, the duration of power of the ultrasonic welding apparatus may be controlled to assure a good weld of the intended abutting surface.

[0095] Referring to FIGS. 3-5, in a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic welding assembly is carried out in a series of steps to join the limb segments into articulating limb subassemblies and attach the limb subassemblies to one another to form a completed limb, and then to connect the completed limbs to the upper and lower torsos 250 and 252 and the upper and lower torsos 250 and 252 to each other.

[0096] As shown in FIG. 3, arm shell 42 a is inserted into ultrasonic base 350 and connected to first arm segment 24 by inserting disk 32 into receptacle 46. Third arm segment 58 is connected to the pin 50 of arm shell 42 a through the bore 62 in plate 60 and arm shell 42 b is mated edgewise with complementary arm shell 42 a with assembly pin 54 being received in bore 52 of pin 50. When arm shells 42 a and 42 b are mated, disk 32 (and thus first arm segment 24) is rotationally captured in interior space 46 of second arm segment 42 and third arm segment 58 is captured and pivotally mounted on pivot pin 50 of second arm segment 42. Then, ultrasonic energy is applied to weld arm shells 42 a and 42 b (preferably formed of ABS) edgewise without adversely affecting the above-described rotational and pivotal connections. The assembly so formed is a first left arm subassembly.

[0097] In the next step of assembling the left arm, arm shells 66 a and 66 b of the fourth arm segment 66 are brought together for ultrasonic welding with attaching pin 71 being received in bore 70 after connecting the first left arm subassembly (completed in the prior ultrasonic welding step) by connecting pin 68 through bore 64 of third arm segment 58 extending from the first left arm subassembly and by inserting disk 84 of lower arm joint 82 into receptacle 72. After completion of the second ultrasonic welding step, a second left arm subassembly is provided which is connected, in a third ultrasonic welding, to fifth left arm segment 80 and left hand 102. In this third ultrasonic welding step arm shells 80 a and 80 b are mated edgewise and welded essentially as described above to capture plate 86 of lower arm joint 82 in receptacle 96 and to capture ring 104 pivotally mounted on pin 90. After the third ultrasonic welding step the left arm 14 is complete.

[0098] The left leg is assembled in essentially the same manner using three ultrasonic welding steps as described above for assembly of the left arm. Thus, referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in step (1), left first leg segment 124, left leg shells 142 a and 142 b and third left leg member 158 are joined in an ultrasonic welding step to provide a first leg subassembly; in step (2), a further ultrasonic welding step, the first leg subassembly is pivotally connected by way of bore 164 in the portion of third leg member 158, extending from the first leg subassembly to pin 168 of leg shell 166 a and to fifth leg segment 180 by inserting disk 184 into a receptacle 172 to form a second leg subassembly; and in step (3), toe members 210 and 212 are pivotally mounted on pin 208 and pin 204 is pivotally mounted through bore 190 of fifth leg segment 180 and the foot shells 202 a and 202 b are brought together edgewise with assembly pins 214 and 216 being received in bores 206 and 210, respectively, prior to ultrasonic welding to capture second leg subassembly via bore 190 and to capture toe members 210 and 212 to complete left leg 18.

[0099] Right arm 16 and right leg 20 are assembled in the same manner as left arm 14 and left leg 18.

[0100] Referring now to FIG. 4, the left arm 14 and right arm 16 are connected to upper torso 250 by inserting disks 30 into slots 280. The head 22 (previously joined to head joint 266) is connected by inserting disk 269 into slot 280. And, body 300 of body joint 254 is seated on bottom plate 312 with rails 302 received in notches 318 of side plates 316. Then upper torso shells 250 a and 250 b are aligned edgewise with complementary slots located near the respective arm holes and opening at the top and bottom of the torso for the head joint 266 and body joint 254 abutting to capture disks 30 (arms 14 and 16) and 269 (head 22) and rails 302 (body joint 254), followed by ultrasonic welding to provide an upper torso 250 having a left arm 14, a right arm 16, a head 22 and a body joint 254.

[0101] With reference to FIG. 5, the leg assemblies and lower torso are attached to the completed upper torso (1) by seating plate 310 beneath upper wall 320 so that shaft 308 extends through semi-circular cut-out 322, and (2) by positioning disks 130 in the interior space 330 defined by lower torso walls 332 and 334 with shafts 128 extending through cut-outs 332 and 334 of lower torso 252. In this orientation, the spherical outer walls 126 and 126 r of first leg segment 124 and 124 r are flush against the concave sidewalls 336 and 338 of lower torso 252. Then lower torso shells 252 a and 252 b are mated edgewise and connected by ultrasonic welding to capture upper torso 250 and left and right legs 18 and 20, thereby completing the assembly of action FIG. 10.

[0102] In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 17, 18 and 28 and particularly suitable for use in toy figures three inches or less in overall length, the leg and hip assemblies are attached to lower torso 252 by means of shaft member 710. Shaft member 710 is captured within a cavity 715 formed by lower torso 252. Shaft member 710 has a first end 720 and a second end 725 projecting from lower torso 252, each end comprising a substantially spherical ball member 730.

[0103] Hip segment 660 of each leg and hip assembly 737 comprises a pair of complimentary shells 745 and 750 defining a cavity 735 for capturing spherical ball member 730, thereby rotatably connecting hip segment 660 to shaft member 710. Hip segment 660 also defines slot 740 to accommodate the pivotal movement of shaft member 710 in relation to hip segment 660. In the preferred embodiment, a projection 755 is situated on shaft member 710 and is captured by cavity 715 to keep shaft member 710 from rotating or moving laterally within cavity 715.

[0104] In yet another of its aspects, the present invention entails an injection molding method for producing a joint in which a first joint member is pivotally connected to a second joint member. This method comprises the steps of:

[0105] (i) inserting a first joint member having a first portion with a substantially circular bore into an injection mold having inner walls defining a cavity for forming at least the second joint member, so that the first joint member is positioned in the injection mold so that the first portion is maintained in spaced relation to the walls of the mold and a second portion of the first joint member is outside of the mold cavity; and

[0106] (ii) injecting a thermoplastic composition into the cavity of the mold under suitable injection molding conditions so that the thermoplastic composition fills the cavity and engulfs the first portion of the first joint member and fills the bore to form in situ a joint including a second joint member with a molded-in-place pivot pin pivotally connecting the first joint member to the second joint member, wherein the injecting step is carried out under injection molding conditions that do not adversely affect the shape and structural integrity of the first joint member.

[0107] In another of its aspects, the present invention includes a method for making an articulating limb having first and second limb segments connected by an elongate member. The elongate member is formed of a first material and the first and second leg segments are formed from a second material having a melting point lower than the melting point of the first material. In this method, the elongate member is placed into an injection mold having a cavity for forming the first leg segment and a cavity for forming the second limb segment. The elongate member is positioned in the injection mold such that one end of the elongate member is within the first cavity and the other end of the elongate member is within the second cavity. The second material is then injected into the mold at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the second material but lower than the first material's melting point. In this manner, the first and second limb segments are formed around the elongate member, the first leg segment being connected to one end of the elongate member, and the second limb segment being connected to the elongate member's other end.

[0108] In another of its aspects, the present invention entails an injection molding method for making a ball and socket joint for pivotally connecting a first joint member to a second joint member comprising the steps of:

[0109] (i) inserting a joint member having a first portion with a substantially spherical ball member into an injection mold having inner walls defining a cavity for forming at least the second joint member, the first joint member is positioned in the injection mold so that the major portion of the ball member is maintained in spaced relation to the walls of the mold and a minor portion of the ball member of the first joint member is outside of the mold cavity; and

[0110] (ii) injecting a thermoplastic composition into the cavity of the mold under suitable injection molding conditions so that the thermoplastic composition fills the cavity and engulfs the major portion of the ball member of the first joint member to form the second joint member including a socket pivotally connecting the first joint member to the second joint member, wherein the injecting step is carried out under injection molding conditions that do not adversely affect the first joint member.

[0111] The term “suitable injection molding conditions” means temperature, time and pressure conditions as known in the art which allow a flowable thermoplastic composition to be introduced into the cavity of an injection mold so as to fill the cavity. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, such suitable injection molding conditions may be routinely determined depending upon the selected thermoplastic material. Also, by the phrase “injection molding conditions that do not adversely affect the first joint member,” it is meant temperature, time and pressure conditions less than those which would cause either the first joint member having a bore therethrough or the first joint member comprising a ball member of a ball and socket joint, to melt, distort or fuse to the second joint member so that the first and second joint members are unable to pivot properly with respect to each other.

[0112] In the methods of the present invention for pivotally connecting a first joint member to a second joint member, it is preferred to use a vertical injection machine because of the relative ease with which an insert part may be oriented and held in the mold during the molding process. However, other injection molding apparatus, including conventional horizontal injection molding machines, may be used with suitably designed molds.

[0113] In the injection molding process of the invention, a first rigid joint member is made of a first material which has a higher melting point than the second joint member. The first material may be any suitable material for an insert part including plastic, metal or the like, so long as the first material has a melting point sufficiently above the melting point of the second thermoplastic material used in the claimed process. It is presently preferred, however, that both the first joint member and the second joint member be made of first and second thermoplastic materials, respectively. Also, it is preferred that the first joint member be injection molded.

[0114] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first thermoplastic material will have a melting temperature that is at least about 30° C. higher than the second thermoplastic material. The first thermoplastic composition more preferably will have a melting point which is from about 50° C. to about 300° C. higher than the second thermoplastic material, and most preferably about 70° C. to about 140° C. higher than that of the second thermoplastic material. Suitable first thermoplastic materials may have a melting point in the range of 200° C. to 350° C. and suitable second thermoplastic compositions may have a melting point in the range of 140° C. to 180° C. or more. Presently preferred first thermoplastic compositions include polycarbonate having a melting point of about 300° C., nylon having a melting point of about 300° C., acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) having a melting point of about 230° C., polyoxymethylene resin (POM), (e.g., POM known by the brand name Celcon), having a melting point of about 260° C., and the like. Presently preferred second thermoplastic compositions include polyvinylchloride or Kraton (a brand name of styrene butadiene, a synthetic rubber composition) having a melting point of about 160° C. In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the first plastic composition is ABS and the second plastic composition is PVC.

[0115] It has been surprisingly found that where the second plastic composition is relatively soft compared to the first plastic composition a sufficient coefficient of friction between the first and second joint members results to permit relative movement while insuring that, once moved, the members will remain in their new relative positions. This applies as well to other pairs of joint members (including joint members formed separately and then assembled) used to form a pivot joint or a rotational joint of toy FIG. 10.

[0116] Referring to FIGS. 6-8, one embodiment of the molding method of the present invention is illustrated. FIG. 6 shows an insert piece 25′ comprising ring 31 having a bore 35 transversely therethrough and a disk 30′ having notches 380 cut in the circumferential edge 30 e of the disk. Ring 31 and disk 30′ are at either end of lever arm 28. Ring 35 has keys 382 protruding inwardly towards the center of bore 35. Keys 382 serve to increase pivotal friction between ring 31 and a pivot pin 33 formed therethrough in the molding method of the present invention. Notches 380 serve to prevent relative rotation between disk 30′ and disk 30 formed over disk 30′ in the molding process.

[0117] With reference to FIG. 7, first joint member 25′ (preferably made of ABS) is placed in a vertical injection mold 388 which parts along line 389 so that a portion of lever arm 28 and ring 31 extend into a first cavity 390 of the mold 388 and a portion of lever arm 28 and the notched disk portion extend into a second cavity 392 of the mold 388. As shown in this figure, an intermediate portion of the lever arm is held in mold 388 so that it is not in communication with either first cavity 390 or second cavity 392. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the second thermoplastic composition used to fill first cavity 390 and second cavity 392 is injected under injection molding conditions using runner 391, which is in communication with the first cavity and a second runner (not shown) which is in communication with the second cavity.

[0118]FIG. 8 shows the first arm segment 24 after completion of the injection molding process with a portion of ring 31 and disk 30′ shown in phantom lines encased in the second thermoplastic composition used in the injection step. As best seen in FIG. 7, pivot pin 33 is formed in situ through bore 35 of ring 31.

[0119] It will be appreciated that right arm segment 24 r, left leg segment 124 and first right leg segment 124 r are formed in an analogous manner.

[0120] An embodiment of the molding process of the present invention for producing a ball and socket body joint 254 is illustrated in FIGS. 9-11. Body joint 254 comprises a first joint member 450 (shown in FIG. 9) and a second joint member 300 which are capable of pivoting and swiveling relative to one another. First joint member 450 includes a ball member 306 and a plate 310 spaced at either end of a shaft 308. First joint member 450 is made of a first thermoplastic composition, preferably ABS. As shown in FIG. 10, first joint member 450 is inserted into mold 460 so that a major portion of ball member 306 (at least greater than half of its surface area and preferably more than 75% of its surface area) is positioned within mold cavity 462 and a minor portion of ball member 306 (less then half of its surface area) as well as shaft 308 and plate 310 are positioned within mold 460 so that they are outside of communication with mold cavity 462. In an injection molding step, a second thermoplastic material is injected into mold cavity 462 to establish second joint member 300 which has an interior surface which is formed around the outer surface of ball 306 to establish the socket of body joint 254. FIG. 11 shows the completed body joint 254 with a major portion of ball 306 (shown in phantom lines) residing within body 300 of body joint 254.

[0121] An embodiment of the molding process of the present invention for making an articulating arm having first and second arm segments connected by an elongate member is illustrated in FIGS. 19, 35, 39 and 42. The elongate member 510 is formed of a first material and the first and second arm segments 500 and 505 are formed from a second material having a melting point lower than the melting point of the first material. In this method, the elongate member is placed into an injection mold 800 having a cavity 805 for forming the first arm segment 500 and a cavity 810 for forming the second arm segment 505. The elongate member 510 is positioned in the injection mold such that elongate member's first end 535 is within the first cavity 805 and the elongate member's second end 540 is within the second cavity 810. The second material is then injected into the mold 800 in the manner described above at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the second material but lower than the first material's melting point.

[0122] In this manner, the first and second arm segments are formed around the elongate member. In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 19, the first arm segment 500 forms pivot pin 550 within aperture 545 of the first end of the elongate member 510, and the second arm segment 505 forms a pivot pin 803 within aperture 807 of the second end 540 of the elongate member 510. In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 39, first end 535 of elongate member 510 comprises disk 251 and first arm segment 500 forms circular interior space 560 capturing disk 251, while second end 540 of elongate member 510 comprises disk 900 and second arm segment 505 forms circular interior space 905 capturing disk 900. In other embodiments, first end 535 of elongate member 510 comprises a disk and second end 540 of the elongate member comprises a ring defining an aperture (see FIG. 35) or vice versa (see FIG. 42).

[0123] A variation of the molding process described above, can be used to make an articulating arm as described above and further comprising a connecting member 565 having a body-part end 590 adapted to be connected to the body part and a limb end 595 attached to the distal end 515 of first arm segment 500. The connecting member 565 can be made from either the same material as the elongate member 510 or a third material having a melting point higher than the second material's melting point. In this method, the connecting member 565 is, like the elongate member 510, inserted into the injection mold 800 but is positioned in the injection mold 800 so that the limb end 585 is located within the first cavity 805. The second material is then injected into the first and second cavities 805 and 810 of the mold 800 under injection molding conditions permitting the second material to fill the first and second cavities 805 and 810 and form the first arm segment 500 and the second arm segment 505. The distal end 520 of the first arm segment 500 is then formed around the first end 535 of the elongate member 510, the proximal end 515 of the first arm segment 500 is formed around the limb end 595 of the connecting member 565, and the proximal end 525 of the second arm member 505 is formed around the second end 540 of the elongate member 510. Where the connecting member 590 is made from the first material, the injecting step is carried out at a temperature lower than first material's melting point but higher than the second material's melting point. Where the connecting member 590 is made from a third material, the injecting step is carried out at a temperature below the lower of the first and third material's melting points but higher than the second material's melting point.

[0124] Another embodiment of the molding process of the present invention for making an articulating leg having first and second leg segments connected by an elongate member is illustrated in FIGS. 26, 36, 45 and 48. The elongate member 615 is formed of a first material and the first and second leg segments 605 and 610 are formed from a second material having a melting point lower than the melting point of the first material. In this method, the elongate member 615 is placed into an injection mold 815 having a cavity 820 for forming the first leg segment 605 and a cavity 820 for forming the second leg segment 610. The elongate member 615 is positioned in the injection mold 815 such that the elongate member's first end 640 is within the first cavity 820 and the elongate member's second end 645 is within the second cavity 825. The second material is then injected into the mold at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the second material but lower than the first material's melting point.

[0125] In this manner, the first and second leg segments are formed around the elongate member 615. In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 26, the first leg segment 605 forms a pivot pin 652 within aperture 650 of the first end 640 of the elongate member 615, and the second leg segment 610 forms a pivot pin 830 within aperture 835 of the second end 645 of the elongate member 615. In an alternate embodiment, shown in FIG. 48, first end 640 of elongate member 615 comprises disk 642 and first leg segment 605 forms circular interior space 632 capturing disk 642 while second end 645 of elongate member 615 comprises disk 910 and second leg segment 610 forms a circular interior space 915 capturing disk 910.

[0126] In other embodiments, first end 640 of elongate member 615 comprises a disk and second end 645 of elongate member 615 comprises a ring defining an aperture (see FIG. 36) or vice versa (see FIG. 45).

[0127] Another aspect of the inventive molding process, a method for making a head that is pivotally connected to a lever arm, is illustrated in FIGS. 31-33. The lever arm 670 has a distal end 685 defining an aperture 680 and the head 22 has an internal pivot pin 700 extending through the aperture 680 to pivotally mount the lever arm 670 to the head 22. The method comprises the steps of first inserting the lever arm 670 into an injection mold 830 having inner walls defining a cavity 835 for forming the head 22. The lever arm 670 is formed from a material having a given melting point and is positioned in the injection mold so that the distal end 685 is located within the cavity 835. Next, a sufficient quantity of a first thermoplastic material is injected into the cavity 835 mold under injection molding conditions permitting the thermoplastic material to fill the cavity 835 to form the head 22 and to fill the aperture 680 to form a pivot pin 705 extending through the aperture 680. This injecting step is carried out at a temperature that is at least 30° C. less than the given melting point of the lever arm.

[0128] In another of its aspects, the present invention entails a method for making a body part having pivotable digits, such as a hand 102 of a toy FIG. 10 having pivotable finger members 400, 402, and 404. Referring to FIGS. 12-16, this embodiment of the invention uses injection molding to incorporate into an articulable joint, in situ, an insert piece comprising molded finger members 400, 402, 404. These finger members are each molded of a first thermoplastic material, preferably ABS, generally in the shape of naturally-positioned, relaxed fingers. Finger members 400, 402, and 404, each of which has a proximal end 400 a, 402 a and 404 a, with a respective bore 400 b, 402 b and 404 b, extending transversely therethrough for receiving a pivot pin 406 on which finger members 400, 402 and 404 are pivotally mounted on the pin, as shown in FIG. 14. The pivotally mounted finger members are centered on pivot pin 136 with clearance at each end of the pin (i.e., between finger member 400 and pin head 408, and between finger member 404 and pin fastener 410). As best seen in FIGS. 13 and 14, the proximal ends of the finger members, 400 a, 402 a and 404 a, have a combined width that is less than the length of pivot pin 406. In this configuration having the combination of finger members 400, 402 and 404 pivotally attached to pin 406 constitutes a first joint member (pivotally mounted on pin 136 to be used) as an insert part for injection molding of left hand 102. Additionally, a second insert part for injection molding of left hand is provided by wrist joint member 412 (preferably made of ABS) consisting of shaft 414 attached at one end to disk 416 and at the other end to a ring 418. Ring 418 has a bore 420 therethrough and notches 422 to prevent relative rotation of the ring with respect to bore liner 424 (made of second thermoplastic material) which is molded to the ring in an injection molding step. See also FIG. 16. Bore liner 424 increases pivotal friction achieved when hand 102 is pivotally mounted on pivot pin 90 of fourth arm segment 80 during assembly of left arm 14 to resist unintended movement of joint 14 f. See FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0129] As depicted in FIG. 16, left hand 102 is completed in a vertical injection molding step wherein the exposed ends of pivot pin 406 (including head 408 and fastener 410) and wrist joint member 412 are positioned opposite each other in insert mold 430 having a first cavity 432 sized and shaped to form the body 436 of hand 102 including a thumb 438. Hand portion 436, the shape of which is defined by the shape of the mold, forms around and captures pin 406 (preferably encasing pin head 408 and fastener 410) to secure the fingers pivotally to hand 436 and also forms around shaft 414 and disk 416 of wrist joint member 412. Second cavity 434 defines the surface of bore liner 424 which is formed simultaneously with hand portion 436 to complete left hand 102 in the molding process. The injection mold 430 maintains the finger members 400, 402 and 404 outside of communication with the cavity of the injection mold so that the material used in forming hand portion 162 does not fill the areas between the finger members. The molding does, however, form flush with the exposed sides 400 c and 406 c of finger members 400 and 406, thereby capturing the ends of pivot pin 406 along with pin head 408 and pin fastener 410.

[0130] Applicants' foregoing description of the present invention is illustrative. Other modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of applicants' specification, and such modifications and variations are within the scope of their invention defined by the following claims. 

We claim:
 1. A toy comprising a head and body: the head having an interior space and a bottom surface with an opening therein in communication with the interior space; an internal pivot pin formed within the interior space; a lever arm having a distal end and a proximal end, the distal end being pivotally mounted within the head by the internal pivot pin and the proximal end adapted for connection to the body to enable the lever arm to move relative to the body.
 2. The toy of claim 1 wherein the lever comprises a first material having a first melting point and the internal pivot pin comprises a second material having a second melting point lower than the first melting point.
 3. The toy of claim 2 wherein the proximal end extends from the opening in the bottom surface of the head.
 4. The toy of claim 3 wherein the opening in the bottom surface of the head is a slot accommodating pivotal movement of the lever arm.
 5. The toy of claim 2 wherein the proximal end of the lever arm is connected to the body.
 6. The toy of claim 5 wherein the proximal end of the lever arm is rotatably connected to the body.
 7. The toy of claim 6 wherein a rotational member is disposed on the proximal end of the lever arm and the torso comprises an interior space sized and shaped to capture said rotational member so that the head is capable of rotating relative to the body.
 8. The toy of claim 1 wherein the rotational member is a disk.
 9. The toy of claim 2 wherein the distal end of the lever arm defines an aperture and the pivot pin engages the aperture to pivotally mount the proximal end of the lever arm within the head.
 10. The toy of claim 2 wherein the head comprises the second material having a melting point lower than the first melting point.
 11. The toy of claim 2 wherein the second melting point is at least 30° C. lower than the first melting point.
 12. The toy of claim 10 wherein the second material is a thermoplastic material.
 13. The toy of claim 10 wherein the first material is selected from the group consisting of nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyoxymethylene resins, and the second material is selected from the group consisting of PVC and strene butadiene.
 14. A method for making a toy figure having a head pivotally connected to a lever arm, the head housing an internal pivot pin and having a bottom surface with an opening therein, the lever arm having a distal end defining an aperture and the internal pivot pin extending through the aperture to pivotally mount the lever arm to the head, the method comprising the steps of: (a) inserting the lever arm into an injection mold having inner walls defining a cavity for forming the head, the lever arm being formed from a material having a given melting point and being positioned in the injection mold so that the distal end is within the cavity; and (b) injecting a sufficient quantity of a first thermoplastic material into the cavity of the mold under injection molding conditions permitting the thermoplastic material to fill the cavity to form the head and to fill the aperture to form the pivot pin, the injecting step being carried out at a temperature that is less than the given melting point of the lever arm.
 15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the first thermoplastic material has a melting point that is about 30° C. to about 200° C. less than the given melting point of the pivot pin.
 16. A method according to claim 15 wherein the melting point of the first thermoplastic material is about 70° C. to about 140° C. less than the given melting point of the pivot pin.
 17. A method according to claim 14 wherein the lever arm material is selected from the group consisting of nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyoxmethylene resins, and the first thermoplastic material is selected from the group from the group consisting of PVC and styrene butadiene.
 18. A method according to claim 14 wherein the injection mold is connected to a vertical injection molding apparatus.
 19. A method according to claim 14 wherein the lever arm has a proximal end and the lever arm is positioned in the injection mold so that proximal end of the lever arm is outside of the cavity.
 20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the opening in the bottom surface of the head is a slot accommodating pivotal movement of the lever arm.
 21. A method for making an articulating limb comprising a first limb segment, a second limb segment and an elongate member having a first end and a second end, the first limb segment having a distal end connected to the first end of the elongate member and the second limb member having a proximal end connected to the second end of the elongate member, the method comprising the steps of: (a) inserting the elongate member into an injection mold having inner walls defining a first cavity for forming the first limb segment and a second cavity for forming the second limb segment, the elongate member being formed from a material having a given melting point and being positioned in the injection mold so that the first end is within the first cavity and the second end is within the second cavity; and (b) injecting a sufficient quantity of a first thermoplastic material into the first and second cavities of the mold under injection molding conditions permitting the thermoplastic material to fill the first and second cavities and form the first limb segment and the second limb segment, thereby connecting the distal end of the first limb segment to the first end of the elongate member and the proximal end of the second limb member to the second end of the elongate member, wherein the injecting step is carried out at a temperature that is less than the given melting point of the elongate member.
 22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the distal end of the first limb segment is pivotally connected to the first end of the elongate member.
 23. A method according to claim 22 wherein the first end of the elongate member defines a first aperture and the distal end of the first limb segment comprises a first pivot pin integrally formed therewith and extending through the first aperture of the elongate member, a sufficient quantity of the first thermoplastic material being injected into the first cavity to fill the first aperture to form the first pivot pin.
 24. A method according to claim 21 wherein the distal end of the first limb segment is rotatably connected to the first end of the elongate member.
 25. A method according to claim 24 wherein the elongate member has a rotational member at its first end and the distal end of the first limb member defines an interior space sized and shaped to capture the rotational member.
 26. A method according to claim 25 wherein the rotational member comprises a disk.
 27. A method according to claim 21 wherein the first thermoplastic material has a melting point that is about 30° C. to about 200° C. less than the given melting point of the elongate member.
 28. A method according to claim 27 wherein the melting point of the first thermoplastic material is about 70° C. to about 140° C. less than the given melting point of the elongate member.
 29. A method according to claim 26 wherein the elongate member material is selected from the group consisting of nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyoxmethylene resins, and the first thermoplastic material is selected from the group from the group consisting of PVC and styrene butadiene.
 30. A method according to claim 26 wherein the injection mold is connected to a first vertical injection molding apparatus.
 31. A method according to claim 26 wherein the first vertical injection molding apparatus communicates with the first cavity and a second vertical injection molding apparatus communicates with the second cavity.
 32. A method according to claim 21, 22 or 24 wherein the proximal end of the second limb segment is pivotally connected to the second end of the elongate member.
 33. A method according to claim 32 wherein the second end of the elongate member defines a second aperture and the proximal end of the second limb segment comprises a second pivot pin integrally formed therewith and extending through the second aperture of the elongate member, a sufficient quantity of the first thermoplastic material being injected into the second cavity to fill the second aperture to form the second pivot pin.
 34. A method according to claim 21, 22 or 24 wherein the proximal end of the second limb segment is rotatably connected to the second end of the elongate member.
 35. A method according to claim 34 wherein the elongate member has a rotational member at its second end and the proximal end of the second limb member defines an interior space sized and shaped to capture the rotational member.
 36. A method according to claim 35 wherein the rotational member comprises a disk.
 37. A method for making an articulating limb adapted to be connected to a body part, the articulating limb comprising a first limb segment, an elongate member having a first end, and a connecting member having a body-part end adapted to be connected to the body part and a limb end; the first limb segment having a distal end connected to the first end of the elongate member and a proximal end connected to the limb end of the connecting member; the method comprising the steps of: (a) inserting the elongate member into an injection mold having inner walls defining a first cavity for forming the first limb segment, the first cavity having a distal end and a proximal end and the elongate member being formed from a material having a first melting point and being positioned in the injection mold so that the first end of the elongate member is within the distal end of the first cavity; (b) inserting the limb end of the connecting member into the injection mold, the connecting member being formed from a material having a second melting point and being positioned in the injection mold so that the limb end is within the proximal end of the first cavity; and (c) injecting a sufficient quantity of a thermoplastic material into the first cavity of the mold under injection molding conditions permitting the thermoplastic material to fill the first cavity and form the first limb segment, thereby connecting the distal end of the first limb segment to the first end of the elongate member and the proximal end of the first limb segment to the limb end of the connecting member, the injecting step being carried out at a temperature that is less than the lower of the first and second melting points.
 38. A method according to claim 37 wherein the distal end of the first limb segment is pivotally connected to the first end of the elongate member.
 39. A method according to claim 38 wherein the first end of the elongate member defines a first aperture and the distal end of the first limb segment comprises a first pivot pin integrally formed therewith and extending through the aperture of the elongate member, a sufficient quantity of the first thermoplastic material being injected into the first cavity to fill the first aperture to form the first pivot pin.
 40. A method according to claim 37 wherein the distal end of the first limb segment is rotatably connected to the first end of the elongate member.
 41. A method according to claim 40 wherein the elongate member has a rotational member at its first end and the distal end of the first limb member defines an interior space sized and shaped to capture the rotational member.
 42. A method according to claim 41 wherein the rotational member comprises a disk.
 43. A method according to claim 37 wherein the thermoplastic material has a melting point that is about 30° C. to about 200° C. less than the lower of the first and second melting points.
 44. A method according to claim 43 wherein the melting point of the thermoplastic material is about 70° C. to about 140° C. less than the lower of the first and second melting points.
 45. A method according to claim 42 wherein the elongate member material is selected from the group consisting of nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyoxmethylene resins, and the thermoplastic material is selected from the group from the group consisting of PVC and styrene butadiene.
 46. A method according to claim 42 wherein the injection mold is connected to a first vertical injection molding apparatus.
 47. A method according to claim 37, wherein the elongate member has a second end, the articulating limb further comprises a second limb segment connected to the second end of the elongate member, the injection mold has inner walls defining a second cavity for forming the second limb member, the method further comprising the steps of positioning the elongate member in the injection mold so that the second end of the elongate member is within the second cavity, and injecting a sufficient quantity of the thermoplastic material into the second cavity at a temperature that is less than the lower of the first and second melting points and under injection molding conditions permitting the thermoplastic material to fill the second cavity to form the second limb segment, thereby connecting the second limb segment to the second end of the elongate member.
 48. A method according to claim 47 wherein a first vertical injection molding apparatus communicates with the first cavity and a second vertical injection molding apparatus communicates with the second cavity.
 49. A method according to claim 38 or 40 wherein the elongate member has a second end, the articulating limb further comprises a second limb segment pivotally connected to the second end of the elongate member, the injection mold has inner walls defining a second cavity for forming the second limb member, the method further comprising the steps of positioning the elongate member in the injection mold so that the second end of the elongate member is within the second cavity, and injecting a sufficient quantity of the thermoplastic material into the second cavity at a temperature that is at least 30° C. less than the lower of the first and second melting points and under injection molding conditions permitting the thermoplastic material to fill the second cavity to form the second limb segment, thereby connecting the second limb segment to the second end of the elongate member.
 50. A method according to claim 49 wherein the second end of the elongate member defines a second aperture and the second limb segment comprises a pivot pin integrally formed therewith and extending through the second aperture of the elongate member, a sufficient quantity of the first thermoplastic material being injected into the second cavity to fill the second aperture to form the pivot pin of the second limb segment.
 51. A method according to claim 40 wherein the elongate member has a second end, the articulating limb further comprises a second limb segment rotatably connected to the second end of the elongate member, the injection mold has inner walls defining a second cavity for forming the second limb member, the method further comprising the steps of positioning the elongate member in the injection mold so that the second end of the elongate member is within the second cavity, and injecting a sufficient quantity of the thermoplastic material into the second cavity at a temperature that is at least 30° C. less than the lower of the first and second melting points and under injection molding conditions permitting the thermoplastic material to fill the second cavity to form the second limb segment, thereby connecting the second limb segment to the second end of the elongate member.
 52. A method according to claim 51 wherein the elongate member has a rotational member at its second end and the proximal end of the second limb member defines an interior space sized and shaped to capture the rotational member.
 53. A method according to claim 37 wherein the first melting point is about equal to the second melting point.
 54. A method according to claim 37 wherein the limb end of the connecting member is pivotally connected to the proximal end of the first limb segment.
 55. A method according to claims 54 wherein the limb end of the connecting member defines an aperture and the proximal end of the first limb segment comprises a pivot pin integrally formed therewith and extending through the aperture of the connecting member, a sufficient quantity of the first thermoplastic material being injected into the first cavity to fill the connecting member aperture to form the pivot pin of the proximal end of the first limb member.
 56. A method according to claim 37 wherein the limb end of the connecting member is rotatably connected to the distal end of the first limb segment.
 57. A method according to claim 56 wherein the connecting member has a rotational member at its limb end and the distal end of the first limb member defines an interior space sized and shaped to capture the rotational member of the connecting member.
 58. A method according to claim 57 wherein the rotational member of the connecting member comprises a disk.
 59. A method according to claim 37 wherein the body part end of the connecting member is adapted to be pivotally connected to the body part.
 60. A method according to claim 59 wherein the body part end of the connecting member defines an aperture.
 61. A method according to claim 37 wherein the body part end of the connecting member is adapted to be rotatably connected to the body part.
 62. A method according to claim 61 wherein the body-part end of the connecting member comprises a disk.
 63. A toy figure having a trunk comprising: an upper torso member having a reduced-diameter lower end, a middle section and an upper end; a lower torso member having a substantially circular opening at its upper end for seating the reduced-diameter lower end of said upper torso member; and a ball joint having a body member and a ball member pivotally and rotatably mounted in the body member, the ball member comprising a shaft extending therefrom, the body member of the ball joint being mounted in the upper torso and being shaped and sized so as to occupy a substantial portion of the interior of the middle section of the upper torso, and the shaft of the ball joint being mounted in the lower torso such that the upper torso member is seated for pivoting and rotating in the substantially circular opening of the lower torso member.
 64. A toy figure having a trunk comprising: an upper torso member having a reduced-diameter lower end; a lower torso member having an upper end, a lower end, and a substantially circular opening at its upper end for seating the reduced-diameter lower end of said upper torso member; and a ball joint having a body member and a ball member pivotally and rotatably mounted in the body member, the ball member comprising a shaft extending therefrom, the body member of the ball joint being mounted in the lower torso and being shaped and sized so as to occupy a substantial portion of the upper end of the lower torso, and the shaft of the ball joint being mounted in the upper torso such that the upper torso member is seated for pivoting and rotating in the substantially circular opening of the lower torso member.
 65. A toy figure comprising: a trunk; a shaft member connected to the trunk and having a first end projecting from the trunk, the first end comprising a first substantially spherical ball member; and a first limb member having a proximal end defining a cavity for capturing the first spherical ball member to rotationally connect the first limb member to the shaft member, the proximal end of the first limb member further defining an arcuate opening to accommodate pivotal movement of the shaft member relative to the first limb member.
 66. The toy figure of claim 65 wherein the shaft member has a second end projecting from the trunk and comprising a second substantially spherical ball member, the toy figure further comprising a second limb member having a proximal end defining a cavity for capturing the second spherical ball member to rotationally connect the second limb member to the shaft member, the proximal end of the second limb member further defining an arcuate opening to accommodate pivotal movement of the shaft member relative to the second limb member.
 67. The toy figure of claim 65 wherein the proximal end of first limb member comprises a pair of complimentary shells.
 68. The toy figure of claim 65 wherein the trunk defines a cavity and a portion of the shaft member between the first end and the second end sits in the cavity defined by the trunk.
 69. The toy figure of claim 68 wherein the portion of the shaft member between the first end and the second end comprises a projection and the cavity defined by the trunk captures the projection.
 70. An articulating limb of a toy figure, the articulating limb being rotatable at two spaced-apart locations along a single member and comprising: an elongate member having a first end comprising a first rotational member and a second end comprising a second rotational member; a first limb segment having a distal end defining an interior space sized and shaped to capture the first rotational member; and a second limb segment having a proximal end defining an interior space sized and shaped to capture the second rotational member.
 71. The articulating limb of claim 70 wherein the first rotational member comprises a disk.
 72. The articulating limb of claim 71 wherein the second rotational member comprises a disk.
 73. An articulating limb of a toy figure, the articulating limb being rotatable at one of two spaced-apart locations along a single member and pivotable at the other of the two spaced-apart locations, the articulating limb comprising: an elongate member having a first end comprising a rotational member and a second end defining an aperture; a first limb segment having an end defining an interior space sized and shaped to capture the rotational member; and a second limb segment having an internal pivot pin formed within the second limb segment and adapted to engage the aperture.
 74. The articulating limb of claim 73 wherein the rotational member comprises a disk. 